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Soviet Era Arcade Games

If American teenagers during the Cold War ever stopped to consider how their Eastern bloc counterparts spent the weekend, they probably imagined dreary groups of Red Youth robotically singing hymns to Soviet wheat production and discussing the glories of socialist brotherhood from Hanoi to Havana.

They likely would have been surprised to know that in movie theaters, train stations and recreation centers across the U.S.S.R., packs of Soviet youth huddled around upright video games with coins lined up along the edge of the screen, same as at any mall in Jersey.

From the late '70s to the early '90s, Soviet military factories produced some 70 different video game models. Based largely (and crudely) on early Japanese designs, the games were distributed -- in the words of one military manual -- for the purposes of "entertainment and active leisure, as well as the development of visual-estimation abilities."

Production of the games ceased with the collapse of communism, and as Nintendo consoles and PCs flooded the former Soviet states, the old arcade games were either destroyed or disappeared into warehouses and basements.

It was mostly out of nostalgia that four friends at Moscow State Technical University began scouring the country to rescue these old games. So far they have located 32 of them and are doing their best to bring them back to life.

Last month, the four officially opened the Museum of Soviet Arcade Machines in a Stalin-era bomb shelter under a university dormitory. Packed into two rooms are dozens of Soviet-made video game carcasses in various states of repair. Some work perfectly; others last for a few minutes, then fade. One common feature among them all is a lack of a high-score list.

"That kind of competition wasn't encouraged," explains Alexander Stakhanov, one of the museum's founders and engineers. "If you got enough points you won a free game, but there was no 'high score' culture as in the West."

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Obgon

Driving games make up a large proportion of Soviet-made video games. The title of this one, Obgon, means to "pass" or "overtake." There is a single pedal on the floor to accelerate. Soviet driving games did not offer gearshifts or brake pedals.

 

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Insert Coin

The coin entry slot and return chute. Every Soviet game costs 15 kopecks for one play. Enough games are manufactured for them to be found in most medium-size cities and towns throughout Russia, Eastern Europe and Central Asia during the peak of their popularity.

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Gorodki

Gorodki is based on a traditional Russian folk game that is sort of like bowling with sticks. This is one of the oldest games in the Soviet video-game arsenal, dating back to the Brezhnev era.

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Stick It to Me

In Gorodki, the stick is aimed by moving the joystick left and right. The "throw" button, or brosok, is on top in red. The goal is to collect as many sticks in the basket as possible.

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Commie Quarters

The famous 15-kopeck coin, also known as "the commie quarter." In the mid-'80s, 15 kopecks could buy several loaves of bread or a small meal. Video games were not bargains in the Soviet economy. "It wasn't exactly a luxury, but you couldn't afford to play every day, either," said museum co-founder Alexander Stakhanov. "More like once a week."

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Magistral

Half Lost in Space and half Pole Position, the driving game Magistral ("superhighway") is the first Soviet arcade title to allow players to compete against each other.

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Mystery Machine

Perhaps the most Soviet-looking game of them all, this mysterious early creation doesn't even have a proper name. The museum's curators are still trying to bring it back to life.

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Konek-Gorbunok

Based on a Russian fairy tale, Konek-Gorbunok is the Soviet Zelda, full of castles, princesses and deep dark forests.

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Soviet Game Saviors

Alexander Stakhanov (left) and Alexander Vucman stand with the digital host of Magistral, one of the first games they repaired.

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Balls

One of the last Soviet games to be developed before the fall of communism, this is a billiards game with a twist: The balls come to life when struck.

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01

01 is named for the number Russians dial when their building is on fire. The purpose of this game is to direct your fire truck to the houses and then douse as many blazes as possible.

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Critical Condition

Two more games await replacement parts, some elbow grease and the breath of life.

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Sniper-2

Sniper-2 is one of the only Soviet games to involve a gun. But it's not violent: Instead of shooting people, players fire at circular moving targets.

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It's Cannibal Time

In this Duck Hunt-style game, nixie tubes display the score in glowing neon.

To fix Soviet circuit boards, curators at the Museum of Soviet Arcade Machines often combine parts from three of the same machines to get one to function. When those go, the game will be gone forever.

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Ni Pukha, Ni Pera

Ni Pukha, Ni Pera ("no fluff, no feathers") is the Soviet Duck Hunt. The title is a play on the Russian phrase meaning "good luck" or "break a leg." The museum's curators are still searching for the original gun.

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Morskoi Boi

Morskoi Boi ("sea attack") is the most popular Soviet-made game ever. "There was always a large group around it," says museum co-founder Alexander Stakhanov. The game simulates a submarine battle in World War II, known to Russians as "the Great Patriotic War." As in other submarine games, players line up enemy subs with the scope in the periscope and attempt to sink them with a press of the thumb-trigger.

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Vozdushni Boi

Vozdushni Boi ("dogfight") also proves very popular during the Soviet arcade heyday. The player must catch the planes in a target and bring them down.

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Have Kitsch, Will Travel

Two functioning Magistral game units. The museum has been contacted about rental prices for the games, which could provide the perfect touch of Soviet kitsch to any Moscow party.

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Istrebiteli

Istrebiteli ("fighter planes") is an air war game similar to Dogfight.

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Game Design, Soviet Style

Notice the metal joystick and the mechanical score counter.

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Have a Blast

A view from the entrance to the world's only bomb shelter retro-arcade.

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Skachki

Skachki is a horse-racing game with mechanical and computer elements.

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Fun's in the Bag

The phonebook-size instructions and blueprints for each game come in a military sack just like the ones used to wrap and ship boxes of grenades.

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Power to the People

Blowing the capitalist enemy out of the sky.

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Autorally

Autorally is yet another driving game. Despite ripping off foreign designs and concepts, the communists are never able to approach the sophistication of early American and Japanese driving games like Pole Position and Spy Hunter.

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